thanks to our readers’ and the open dialogue we strive to maintain, we have received several thousands of projects, from which we have gladly shared a handpicked selection. from the nostalgia of 1970s tokyo to an incredible overview of barcelona’s urban fabric, we highlight our TOP 10 reader submissions of 2019 – photography to change perspectives.

1 – tokyo in the 1970s, a pre-blade runner city, amazing unseen photos by greg girard

to mark the release of his latest book, ‘tokyo-yokosuka 1976-1983’, greg girard shared a collection of largely unseen images offering a nostalgic glimpse of the japanese capital before it exploded into the hyper-modern metropolis we know today. using a combination of color and black and white compositions, the photographs perfectly depict the ‘pre-blade runner’ era. capturing both the people and the urban landscapes of tokyo and yokosuka, the series transport viewers back in time – evoking a sense of what it was like to visit, or live in, japan’s cities during the 70s.

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2 – a reflected world of venice is captured in mayank thammalla’s latest photo series

for his latest project entitled ‘echoes of venice’, mayank thammalla took viewers on a journey through the canals of the famous italian city. after visiting several times, the london based architect and photographer became captivated by the blurry shapes and vivid colors reflected on the water that surrounds the venetian architecture. inspired by the sense of calmness that can be found by gazing into the water, thammalla began to question the line between imagination and reality. with this in mind, this photo series depicts numerous watery scenes of the city, aiming to capture the ‘motionless yet flowing’ character of the reflections.

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3 – ‘neon rome’ by m²ft architects envisions italian landmarks lit with neon signage

the ‘neon rome’ project by m²ft architects envisioned some of the most famous buildings in the italian capital adorned with brightly-lit signage. the concept proposed by the practice aimed to play with the meaning of urban transformation by showing historic architecture in stark contrast with a contemporary element – in a state between the real and the surreal. the neon aesthetic was selected with the intention to create the impression of something alien – a foreign intervention against the backdrop of these well-known landmarks.

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4 – ‘barcelona from above’ by márton mogyorósy captures the architecture of the city

budapest-based photographer, márton mogyorósy, utilized drone technology to create his new photography series entitled, ‘barcelona from above.’ the project comprised of aerial images of the spanish city, forming a detailed appreciation of it’s architecture and coastline. from ricardo bofill’s ‘walden 7’ to the unmistakable ‘eixample’ district envisioned by cerdà, the collection highlighted the vibrant colors and diverse geometries which make up the urban fabric of barcelona.

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5 – jonathan lipkin captures the ocean’s fleeting nature in composite photo series

over the past seven years, photographer jonathan lipkin captured the emotional resonance of the ocean, exploring our perception of the sea and its fleeting nature. recreating the psychological space of the ocean, his composite photographs are created by leaving the camera’s shutter open for several seconds, and then printed in monumental scale to immerse viewers into the limitless horizon.

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6 – the ‘belted survivor’ series transforms real seatbelt wounds into badges of honour

liam woke up from a coma the day before his daughter was born. if he hadn’t been wearing a seatbelt, he wouldn’t have woken up at all. he’s one of ten young men from new zealand featured in the ‘belted survivor’ photography series: a collection of portraits of real crash survivors, that turns the distinctive wounds left behind by seatbelts into badges of honour. around 90 people die on new zealand’s roads every year because they’re not wearing their seatbelt, with young males making up the majority of these fatalities. in an effort to encourage seatbelts to be used, the project was initiated by NZ transport agency and clemenger BBDO wellington.

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7 – photographer captures cholets, bolivian style houses that represent success in the andean region

in el alto, bolivia, a growing economy and a renewed sense of indigenous pride have led to the rise of a new style of architecture which introduced some color in the city of el alto. during a trip to bolivia, yuri segalerba retraced the streets of el alto to discover and photograph these buildings.

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8 – emilie möri captures the fluid movement of fabric under the monsoon rains of thailand

for one of her most recent projects, graphic designer and photographer emilie möri presented the ‘red stole’ series, which was shot entirely on iPhone. taken during a wet monsoon day in thailand, möri perfectly captured the ethereal movement of her daughter as she swims in a pool, in the rain, holding on to the titular red stole. 

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9 – ‘shanghai streets’ by cody ellingham captures the city’s historic lane houses

cody ellingham explored shanghai and the intricate communal shikumen lane houses that are unique to the city’s oldest districts. as part of his ‘shanghai streets’ series, the new zealand based photographer set out to capture the historic homes before they are torn down and replaced. with newer buildings seen rising distantly in the background, the images highlight the smaller scale of the older lane houses amongst a rapidly changing city. 

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10 – romain veillon travels across europe to photograph fresco paintings in abandoned buildings

for his latest series – titled ‘the imaginary museum’ – french photographer romain veillon took viewers on a journey through the abandoned buildings of europe to capture the beautiful paintings that have been left behind by their owners. documenting a bygone era when art was a symbol of wealth and importance, the collection of images makes us imagine what the frescos looked like in their heyday, before they became worn and faded over time. 

read more here

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continuing our round ups of 2019, we look back at the TOP 10 3D printing stories that grabbed our and, most importantly, designboom readers’ attention over the past 12 months.

1 – restaurant will serve 3D printed sushi based on customer’s saliva and urine

image courtesy of open meals

a japanese company is fusing science and sushi to create nutrient-rich foods based on individual requirements. open meals wants to create 3D-printed sushi by analyzing the saliva, urine and stool of diners so that every piece is tailored to their needs. the concept envisions a restaurant that employs a system of robotic arms and 3D printers that are fed with biodata to create the sushi. ahead of launching in 2020, the restaurant will send a ‘health test kit’ inviting guests to mail back a vial of their waste.

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2 – AI spacefactory reveals rentable mars habitat designed for off-grid living on earth

image courtesy of AI spacefactory

AI spacefactory launched ‘TERA’, a space-tech habitat designed for off-grid living on earth. designed to be a ‘B&B unlike any other’, ‘TERA’ will be a high-tech, luxury eco-home nestled in the woods of upstate new york with sweeping views of the hudson river. it is designed to be minimally invasive to its surrounding environment. as such, the home can be broken down, recycled and re-printed elsewhere, without leaving any trace.

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3 – scientists make world’s first 3D printed heart using human cells

image courtesy of tel aviv university

the possibility of engineering new hearts for transplants has literally grown more likely after researchers unveiled a 3D printed heart using human cells. it took a team at the tel aviv university only three hours to print the organ, which includes all blood vessels, ventricles and chambers. it might only be the size of a rabbit’s but this proof-of-concept experiment could eventually lead to personalized organs or tissues that could be used in the human body.

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4 – volvo develops 3D printed ‘living seawall’ to save the world’s oceans from plastic pollution

image courtesy of volvo

in an effort to combat ocean plastic pollution, swedish car maker volvo has partnered with the sydney institute of marine science and reef design lab to develop the living seawall. made up of 50 3D printed tiles that mimic the root structure of mangrove trees, the project aims at adding complexity to the existing seawall structure and provide a habitat for marine life. the tiles have been installed along an existing seawall structure in sydney harbor, with researchers monitoring the biodiversity and water quality around the living seawall for the next 20 years.

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5 – the world’s largest 3D printed concrete bridge is completed in shanghai

image courtesy of JCDA

the world’s largest pedestrian bridge 3D printed entirely in concrete has been completed in the baoshan district of shanghai. the project was designed and fabricated by a team led by professor xu weiguo of tsinghua university’s school of architecture, ‘zoina land joint research center for digital architecture’ (JCDA) together with shanghai wisdom bay investment management company. the 3D printed bridge spans 26.3 meters with a width of 3.6 meters. in the development of the structure, the design team took precedent from the ancient anji bridge — the world’s oldest open-spandrel, stone segmental arch bridge — in zhaoxian, china.

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6 – fuseproject and yves béhar build world’s first 3D printed community

image courtesy of fuseproject

in latin america, yves béhar and fuseproject aimed to build the world’s first 3D printed community with each home fabricated in just 24 hours. the project looked to offer safe housing to shelter vulnerable populations from both environmental and physical danger. as opposed to how those in need are typically the last to benefit from innovations, the studio enhances 3D printing technologies as a new yet highly powerful tool for major construction. to realize the project, fuseproject partnered with new story, a non-profit working on a mission to end global homelessness, and ICON, a construction technology company dedicated to revolutionizing homebuilding.

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7 – patrick jouin unveils foldable 3D printed TAMU chair at milan design week

image courtesy of patrick jouin

french designer patrick jouin revealed a prototype of the TAMU chair during milan design week 2019. inspired by nature, the prototype features a geometric design, is completely foldable, and has been conceived with as less material as possible. using the dassault systèmes 3Dexperience platform, he attempted to replicate organic processes with machine algorithms. their platform was born with the mission to make it easier for users to design and create 3D printed products – and jouin exemplifies this.

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8 – NASA names winners of 3D printed space habitats for use on the moon, mars and beyond

image courtesy of NASA

NASA named the top three teams in the complete virtual construction phase of its 3D printed habitat competition. the challenge saw teams create detailed virtual models of shelters designed specifically for life on mars, with the winners each claiming a share of US$100,000. first launched in 2015, NASA’s 3D printed habitat challenge invited teams from various fields to submit proposals for creating sustainable human environments for use on the moon, mars and possibly beyond. the latest phases finalizes architectural layouts and the interior spaces.

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9 – ‘zero waste lab’ by the new raw turns citizens’ plastic waste into 3D printed street furniture

image courtesy of marily konstantinopoulou

rotterdam-based research & design studio the new raw has further expanded its ‘print your city’ initiative with the zero waste lab in thessaloniki, greece. the project invites citizens to bring their plastic household waste in the lab, design their own custom street furniture, and 3D print it with the help of a robotic arm and on-site recycling facilities. with the aim to creating a circular economy, the scheme is part of coca-cola’s zero waste future program in greece.

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10 – the 3D printed ‘haus’ smart home is earthquake proof and move-in ready

image courtesy of haus.me

a 3D printed prefab smart home with off-grid capability has started shipping, offering buyers the chance to live anywhere. the ‘haus’ model is a fully autonomous unit with the option to run entirely on solar power. haus.me has developed a patented composite polymer insulation that can be 3D printed into a construction material for building walls. combined with the company’s six-panelled windows, the prefabricated units have the potential to save buyers thousands of dollars in annual energy costs.

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this year we have shared a huge variety of work, from off-shore living to dreamy renders of a dystopian reality where trees are scarce. hoping to awaken your imagination once more before we move into 2020, we highlight our TOP 10 reader submissions of 2019 – visualizations of the future. 

1 – adapted submarine system proposes to re-freeze the arctic with hexagonal ‘ice babies’

as part of an international design competition initiated by the ASA (the association of siamese architects), faris rajak kotahatuhaha, denny lesm ana budi and fiera alifa were awarded 2nd prize with their project that proposes to re-freeze the arctic. just as reforestation in tropical and sub-tropical regions helps to restock depleted forests and woodlands, the idea behind the submarine architecture investigated how to respond to melting ice caps. focusing on prevention rather than a cure, the design team’s proposal sought to restore the polar ecosystem by re-freezing sea water that has melted into new ‘ice fields’.

read more here

2 – flolony floating housing unit by hov offers independent living on the open sea

‘flolony’ is a changeable buoyancy floating housing unit, made up of a mobile naval architecture piece equipped with autonomous energy and developed on a geometry which enables the vessel to adapt to any marine conditions, even the extreme ones. developed by italian studio hov, the structure has the upper part always out of the water, controlled by systems that can guarantee the maximum supply of vital elements (light and water), useful for the residential/productive metabolism of the colony.

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3 – FILTRATION is a floating skyscraper envisioned to recycle ocean garbage

conceived by US-based architectural designer honglin li, ‘FILTRATION’ is a floating skyscraper imagined to clean up our seawater by recycling the plastic and debris found in the infamous ‘great pacific garbage patch’. receiving honorable mention in the evolo 2019 skyscraper competition, the modular, prefabricated waste-management and waste-to-energy megastructure proposed a solution to the global environmental and energy crisis.

read more here

4 – luca curci architects proposes a modular and sustainable ‘vertical city’ for the knowledge summit in dubai

architecture firm luca curci architects presented vertical city, a project proposal for a vertical city-building of 25,000 people settled in the water. a number of renewable energy resources, such as wind, water turbines and solar panels are incorporated into the project, following a zero-waste policy. the city includes energy storage solutions, water desalination system, and integrated food production and farming encouraging a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle.

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5 – XTU envisions a mangrove-like memorial with giant waterfall in singapore

as part of a global competition to design a memorial building on singapore‘s waterfront, XTU architects presented their entry for a site located within the prominent bay east garden. first launched in january 2019, the project called to architectural practices around the world to create a new landmark in celebration of the country’s founding leaders and unique cultural identity. in response, the paris-based studio, XTU, envisioned a huge ‘root-like’ structure that puts nature and a giant waterfall at it’s center.

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6 – ‘what if’ by m²ft architects superimposes iconic architecture onto the city of rome

m²ft architects revealed their ‘what if’ project that depicts a number of famous sites in rome re-imagined with contemporary architecture from around the world. the series of visualizations posed the question: what would happen if we changed the context of these iconic interventions? from placing the london eye in the roman forum, to the famously ‘inside out’ centre pompidou being relocated to rome’s piazza navona, ‘what if’ showcased a collection of seemingly fantastical scenes. 

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7 – dystopian fairy tale by nick stath depicts mountains and trees as ‘monuments of the past’

once long ago, planet earth held many high hills and wide forests, that existed outside of a museum’s walls. australian architect and illustrator nick stath contemplated a nostalgic world where humans can only remember these natural features. his work encompassed an illustrated fairy tale, winning second prize in this year’s sixth annual fairy tales competition run by blank space.

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8 – 3GATTI envisions the ‘green spaceship’ library landing in madrid’s villaverde

‘the green spaceship’ by 3GATTI proposed to land in madrid‘s villaverde, providing a new municipal library for residents of the area. the concept behind the project aimed to create a recognizable landmark within the district – a public building that is not hidden from citizens, but attracts them inside.

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9 – lissoni architettura proposes the ‘high lines’ bridge suspended from buildings in new york

lissoni architettura proposed the ‘high lines’ pedestrian crossing as a new landmark within the urban fabric of new york. the main concept behind the project was not to create just another elevated walkway, but rather to reinvent a completely new vision for this part of the city. using the morphology of the city and the evident contrast of scale between the existing buildings and the sidewalk, the bridge evolved like a living organism that constantly changes shape by adapting to the heights of the adjacent structures. 

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10 – mohammad hassan forouzanfar introduces skyscrapers to iranian villages

from the designer who brought us the dreamy iranian monuments that look as they come straight out of movies, his new photomontage series in the ‘retrofuturism’ collection, depicted imaginary skyscrapers within the arid context. once again, mohammad hassan forouzanfar experimented with the lack of verticality in traditional iranian architecture and imagined how tall buildings would look as if designed with the vernacular style.

read more here

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as we move into the next decade we can’t wait to see what innovative projects our readers have in store for 2020, but for now we take a look back over the past year. from vegan ‘leaf leather’ furniture to repurposed parachute jackets, we highlight our TOP 10 reader submissions of 2019 – design products.

1 – ‘bending bridges’ shapes plywood into double curvature pedestrian bridge in mexico

the project ‘bending bridges’ developed a double-layered construction system for a free-standing load bearing lightweight wooden structure. the pedestrian bridge was achieved through global double curvature, and a local active bending principle. the bridge exploits the elastic bending capacity of standard thin plywood and proposes an innovative construction form for lightweight structures. the project was created by a group of students and research professors of the centro de estudios superiores de diseño de monterrey in mexico. 

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2 – lee jung-hoon makes reference to traditional korean houses in ‘gwol’ furniture series

for his latest furniture collection – entitled ‘gwol’ – lee jung-hoon drew inspiration from traditional korean architecture. the concept behind the series, which comprises both tables and stools, looked to the roof elements of vernacular housing types that can be found in the designer’s home country. by combining references to the ancient buildings with sleek materials, the project formed a direct dialogue between new and old.

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3 – hamanishi DESIGN burns metal to create a collection of iridescent objects

japanese studio, hamanishi DESIGN, presented their entitled ‘the burning metal project.’ as the name suggests, the pieces were formed using the color change reaction of metal to create a vivid spectrum of graduating tones. rather than adding color to the finished products, the design utilized the natural titanium oxides, resulting in an eye-catching surface treatment that will resist discoloration and fading over time.

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4 – ‘last breath’ is a wearable mask organ designed by ::vtol::

the moscow-based artist and researcher, dmitry morozov (also known as ::vtol::) unveiled his latest work entitled ‘last breath’. spurred by his own personal experience – and as the name suggests – the wearable mask organ was developed by morozov in contemplation of the idea of dying. conceived as a kind of symbolic ‘death mask’, the object is imagined for when a person no longer has the strength to use any other instrument, only their own breath.

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5 – conductive origami by yael akirav explores 3D printing onto textiles to turn on light

inspired by origami folding techniques, yael akirav developed ‘conductive origami’ that explored a new way of turning on light fixtures by using 3D printing of conductive filament, directly on textile. the rigid printing onto the textile allows the creation of complex elements and an array of different designs. when the printed material conducts electricity, the intersecting folds that stem from the art of origami present a new opportunity – turning on the light by contracting and stretching the structure.

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6 – ryosuke harashima morphs traditional japanese artifacts into contemporary objects

ryosuke harashima wanted to change people’s attitudes towards traditional japanese folk tools and antiquities that are considered obsolete in modern day. inspired by these artifacts’ ‘spirits’ and how they represent the passing of time, the designer brought together the old and the new into his STILLIFE collection.

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7 – furf design studio develops autumn furniture collection with vegan ‘leaf leather’

the brazilian based practice, furf design studio, revealed a collection of products that used leather made from leaves. with a vision for a more sustainable future, the project, entitled ‘autumn’, was the result of five years of research. produced by an organic tannery, nova kaeru, the vegan material displays similar characteristics of animal leathers, but with the difference that the co2 emission of its manufacturing process is compensated by the carbon absorption of planting and leaf growth.

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8 – the ‘argo crib’ uses weaves of copper to protect infants from electromagnetic radiation

in collaboration with master cabinet makers, ludwig & dominique, paris-based studio noir vif realized the ‘argo crib’ that aims to protect young children from electromagnetic radiation. the project, which takes its name from the ancient ‘argo navis’ constellation of stars, combined sleek timber craftsmanship with weaves of copper to create a protective shield from potentially damaging electromagnetic waves. by bringing together the two studio’s respective skills and research, the design provides the optimum space to cradle and care for infants’ wellbeing.

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9 – ink calligraphy furniture by apiwat chitapanya flows like chinese brushstrokes

the ink collection, designed by apiwat chitapanya for thai brand masaya, is a series of furniture inspired by the rhythm, movement and flow of chinese calligraphy painting. the ancient writing practice is treasured as a form of art in china and it holds a long history of both pride and pleasure for the country. in reference to the sweeping style of the written characters, chitapanya’s pieces have been created to resemble the continuous, flowing movement of the ink.

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10 – baumm turns colorful parachutes into bold jackets handmade in argentina

a photographer and an industrial designer paired up to create baumm in buenos aires, argentina. they believed in integrating design and the environment to create pieces that would be both sustainable and aesthetic. baumm saw potential use for parachutes that become discarded after their maximum hours of flight and gave them a new life by creating functional backpacks and fashionable jackets.

read more here

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our TOP 10 videos of 2019 recalls the most memorable films we featured this year, as we look back at the clips that grabbed our and — more importantly — designboom readers’ imagination over the past 12 months.

1 – doctored video of mark zuckerberg demonstrates the dangerous power of deepfake content 

a deepfake video of mark zuckerberg that was uploaded to instagram raised concerns over falsified content of this nature. deepfake is a technique for creating digitally altered content using artificial intelligence to combine and superimposes existing images and videos. the clip in question was posted on instagram by bill posters, a pseudonym for the internationally recognized public-realm artist and author residing in the UK. the video is meant to appear as a legitimate news program and shows the facebook founder delivering a sinister speech about the social network. 

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2 – MIT researchers discover way to move 25 ton stones with their hands

cambridge-based firm matter design unveiled research on seemingly ‘weightless’ concrete forms that can be easily moved. realised in collaboration with construction-research company CEMEX global R&D, the pair discovered a way of rotating mammoth stones that would otherwise rely on cranes or heavy equipment. video documentation of their research illustrates the possibility of moving large concrete forms and assembling them into multi-level platforms, walls, and even staircases. using rounded edges and handle points, the components can be easily rocked, tilted, and rolled into place. 

read more here

3 – why do we empathize with this beaten up robot?

the viral video boys at corridor digital released a film with both the futuristic-hopelessness of a black mirror episode and the awkwardness of a christopher guest parody. it’s just a day in the life for three bosstown dyanmics engineers as they slap and spray their latest two-legged robot courier. the men shuffle geekishly into their grungy testing area, slinging dodgeballs and hockey sticks at their robot. it’s all good fun, but quickly something happens in our brains. the video makes us question, ‘why do we empathize with this beaten up robot?’.

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4 – ‘undiscovered animal’ washes to shore in cornwall, wheezing from plastic pollution

the poignant short film referred to as, ‘the creature,’ tells the story of an unknown animal washing onto that shore, fighting for its right to breathe a peaceful last breath. 100,000 mammals die from plastic every year and according to UNESCO, one million seabirds die annually of the same cause. to shock, move and inspire change, surfers against sewage, in collaboration with park pictures, made this film. the creature in the film is a computer generated representation of the thousands of species yet to be discovered, a representation of unknown life that our plastics are killing faster than we can discover them. 

read more here

5 – reuben wu uses drone LEDs to illuminate bolivia’s remote landscapes

combining drone technology with the latest in photography, reuben wu captures dreamlike images of remote locations. the chicago-based photographer uses the piloted aircrafts to create aerial light sources, illuminating views for his ongoing series lux noctis. using the drones to create light paths, wu constructs geometric shapes that appear like halos hovering over the landscape. he uses them to illuminate inaccessible places like mountains, valleys and other remote locations. for his most recent ‘lux noctis’ images, reuben wu travelled to bolivia sponsored by phase one, a danish company specializing in high-end digital photography equipment. 

read more here

6 – luis barragán’s equestrian estate and fountain cuadra san cristóbal in mexico city

designboom visited cuadra san cristóbal by luis barragán in atizapán de zaragoza, northwest of mexico city. the project that luis barragán, in collaboration with andrés casillas, designed in 1966 and built between 1967 and 1968 for swedish-born folke s. egerström (1921-2002) and his family, consists of a house and a complex of stables, barns and grounds for the breeding and training of thoroughbreds. egerström and barragán had met while riding at the nearby club hípico francés, both shared a passion for the equestrian life.

the complex cuadra san cristóbal is characterized by flat planes, minimalist geometric lines, but softened by pink and earth tone walls, moorish motifs, texture, water and light to evoke a sense of calm. watch our exclusive inside tour of the property above.

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7 – banksy crashes the venice art biennale with unlicensed street stall

in an instagram post on may 22, banksy wondered why he’s never been asked to participate in the venice art biennale… ‘setting out my stall at the venice biennale,’ the anonymous artist writes. ‘despite being the largest and most prestigious art event in the world, for some reason I’ve never been invited.’ a minute-long video documents a concealed man setting up a tableau of framed oil paintings on the streets of the italian city. when assembled, the group of images depicts the ever-controversial cruise ships that dwarf venice’s spectacular cityscape as they make their way past the grand canal.

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8 – tens sunglasses: see the world through wes anderson film filters

tens sunglasses created a limited edition range of eyewear that, once worn, visually takes wearers back in time. called ‘spectachrome’, the sunglasses feature filter lens inspired by the colors of wes anderson films. for their limited edition ‘spectachrome’ range, tens sunglasses enlisted the help of photographers when developing the designs. the results capture the unique color palettes typically found in wes anderson films, such as moonrise kingdom, the royal tenenbaums and hotel chevalier to name just a few.

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9 – the swiss pavilion turns into nightclub with film by pauline boudry / renate lorenz

at the 58th venice art biennale, artist duo pauline boudry / renate lorenz transformed the swiss pavilion into a vast immersive environment reminiscent of a nightclub. moving backwards is centered around a film installation in which five performers from diverse dance backgrounds experiment with backward movements as a potential tool for producing alternative forms of resistance and action. within the exhibition, the artists reflect on the current political situation – characterized by its regressive and reactionary forces of closure towards the other – but instead of practicing an outright opposition, they explore resistance practices, combining postmodern choreography and urban dance with guerrilla techniques and elements of queer underground culture.

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10 – vintage piano turned into analog hybrid of 20 instruments controlled by piano keys

formed in 2010 and based in kiev, ukraine, brunettes shoot blondes is an indie rock band that transformed a 19th-century piano into a machine that accommodates 20 different instruments. featured in their latest video for the song ‘houston’, this analog hybrid is divided into three sections: the central one which contains the actual piano; the left section with the violas, cello, organ and xylophone; and the right section where you can find all the percussion. even if the band didn’t know, the best thing about the vintage piano they found was that its body had only two parallel cast-iron barriers with thin wood and lots of free space — something that doesn’t happen with modern pianos that have a cross-shaped string holders that leave little space.

read more here

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take a look at the TOP 10 educational stories featured on designboom over the past 12 months, including projects by some of the field’s most recognizable names, such as BIG and SANAA, and a brick and bamboo school in rural mexico.

1 – kindergarten in vietnam features a landscaped hilltop play area

image by hiroyuki oki

kientruc o, an architecture firm based in ho chi minh city, completed a kindergarten in ben tre, a city in the mekong delta area of southern vietnam. the kindergarten forms part of a larger school complex, which is located in close proximity to a large lake and surrounded by a perimeter park. in developing the project, the architects sought to design a building that would have a positive impact — both on the surrounding neighborhood, and on the children that use it.

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2 – SANAA completes new bocconi university campus in milan

image by paolo tonato

SANAA, the japanese architecture firm led by pritzker laureates kazuyo sejima and ryue nishizawa, completed a new campus for bocconi, a private university in milan, italy. the new campus includes: a 300-bed residence hall; the new headquarters of the bocconi school of management, comprising three fluidly shaped buildings; and, finally, a park and multi-purpose center featuring an olympic swimming pool. only half of the 35,000 square meter site is occupied by new buildings, with the remainder dedicated to outdoor areas and green space. 

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3 – BIG nestles college into the undulating landscape of the faroe islands

image © rasmus hjortshoj

in april, bjarke ingels group (BIG) unveiled its completed educational project situated amid the rolling landscape of the faroe islands. located in the country’s capital of tórshavn, ‘glasir’ college benefits from an elevated position, gaining views over the city below and out to sea. with a program combining the faroe islands’ gymnasium, tórshavn technical college and business college, the building caters for over 1,750 students, teachers and staff. other educational projects completed by BIG this year include the firm’s first public school in the united states and a new building for a business school in massachusetts.

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4 – students initiate construction of brick and bamboo school in rural mexico

image by onnis luque

architecture studio comunal: taller de arquitectura collaborated with students in mexico to build an educational space from locally sourced materials. motivated by the bamboo workshops taught by comunal in 2015, and the lack of classrooms in their community, students in tepetzintan — a community northeast of puebla — decided to initiate and self-build the project, with participatory design workshops beginning in 2016.

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5 – denmark’s roskilde festival high school completed by MVRDV + COBE

image by ossip van duivenbode

marking the 49th edition of the roskilde music festival, designboom was invited by MVRDV and COBE to visit the festival folk high school in denmark. inside an existing factory hall, the school, along with new student housing, is the final piece of MVRDV and COBE’s rockmagneten masterplan. the project, which broke ground in early 2017, joins the adjacent ragnarock museum, which was inaugurated in 2016. the high school is closely linked to the world-famous roskilde music festival, which annually transforms the small town into the fourth-largest city in denmark.

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6 – ryuji fujimura tops nursery school in japan with curved concrete roof

image by takumi ota

surrounded by a vast expanse of rice fields and a continuous mountain range, the ryuji fujimura-designed subaru nursery school in fukuoka, japan, merges harmoniously within the landscape. in order to accommodate two age groups, the sinuous building is divided into two distinctly-shaped nursery rooms, each with an adjoining garden that either faces the nearby sacred grove or the the rice fields on the south side.

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7 – jean nouvel conceives university building in cyprus as an ‘earthwork’

image © danica o. kus

having previously completed a mixed-use tower in the city of nicosia, french architect jean nouvel has returned to the cypriot capital to design a vast university building. envisioned as an ‘object’, the learning resource center — which contains a brand new library — has been conceived as an ‘earthwork’ whose form mimics the region’s undulating terrain. the project was inaugurated in december 2018, and has been captured in new images by architectural photographer danica o. kus.

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8 – kindergarten in china organized as a mini village of scattered volumes

image by wu qingshan

beijing-based architecture firm crossboundaries introduces the beisha kindergarten, described as a ‘second home’ for its young occupants. the project was initially commissioned by the local government of jiangsu, china, as the region currently faces a shortage of pre-school education. this initiative places jiangsu as the first province in china to accelerate the development of high-quality education for young children throughout both its urban and rural areas.

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9 – new face of RISD by WORKac expresses perforated materials

image by bruce damonte

at rhode island school of design’s new student success center, an historic three-story brick building actively reveals a dynamic and colorful intervention by new york-based architecture firm WORKac. the contemporary new structure inserts itself into the open section of the building — a U shape in plan — offering two vibrant new spaces, a bold new public face for the school, and a newly activated streetscape. half of the addition hosts space for mail sorting and pick-up, displaying incoming packages as an expressive element in continuation with the building’s transparent ethos.

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10 – net zero singapore school mixes sustainability with tropical vernacular

image by rory gardiner

the net zero ‘NUS school of design & environment 4,’ designed by serie + multiply architects with surbana jurong, opened in singapore. the building, a prototype of sustainable design, combines contemporary sustainable methods with a tropical building language. located on a hilltop near the southern coastline of singapore, SDE4 is a new addition to a larger campus redevelopment in the design and environment precinct. the climate-responsive building includes more than 1,500 square meters of design studio space, a 500-square-meter open plaza, workshops and research centers, and a new library.

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continuing review of 2019, we look back at our TOP 10 robotic stories that grabbed our and, most importantly, designboom readers’ attention over the past 12 months.

1 – robot dogs in driverless vans are the delivery system of the future

image courtesy of continental

continental unveiled a delivery system at CES 2019 in las vegas, tapping the help of robotics company ANYbotics. the system uses four-legged robot dogs to hop in and out of its driverless delivery vans, carrying packages right up to someone’s door. continental‘s completely autonomous robo-taxi, called the ‘CUbE’, carries ANYbotics’ robot dogs until it arrives at the correct destination, sending them out through the back door of the car to drop the package off at the recipient’s doorstep.

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2 – sophia the robot now has a baby sister, little sophia

image courtesy of hanson robotics

hanson robotics is the hong kong and los angeles-based creator of sophia the robot, the eerily life-like humanoid, which was granted citizenship in saudi arabia. she now has a 14-inch sibling: little sophia, who wants to help kids learn how to code in a safe experience. literally walking in the footsteps of her older sister, little sophia can talk, sing, play games and, tell jokes. her main objective, however, is to teach kids — ‘especially girls’ — between the ages of seven and 13 about STEM, coding and AI.

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3 – solar-powered robot bee offers a glimpse into the future of insect drones

image © by eliza grinnell/harvard microrobotics laboratory

a tiny flying machine, called robobee, by researchers at harvard has been freed from its power source, flitting closer to a future that includes autonomous insect drones. a recent demonstration shows the little robot achieving self-powered flight with the help of six tiny solar cells that have been strapped to the device. developed by noah jafferis, the flying bot weighs just 259 milligrams, which is half the weight of a paperclip. it achieves flight using a set of four wings that flap at a rate of 170 times per second.

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4 – nissan builds robot duck to help rice farmers keep weeds out of their paddies

image courtesy of nissan

an engineer for nissan has built a robot duck to help farmers reduce the use of herbicide and pesticide on their rice crops. the compact robot is designed to mimic the natural use of ducks that paddle around in flooded paddy fields, tear up weeds and snack on insects, with their manure acting as additional fertilizer. it weighs 1.5 kilograms and is about the size of a large robot vacuum cleaner. two rotating rubber brushes on its underside take the place of a duck’s feet, which oxygenate the water by stirring it up and preventing weeds from taking root.

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5 – IKEA is working on robotic furniture designed for small spaces

image courtesy of IKEA

IKEA is collaborating with american startup ori to develop a robotic furniture system called ROGNON. designed for small space living, the large storage unit is controlled by touchpad and can slide across a room to divide it into two living spaces, containing a bed, desk and a couch, which can be pulled out when needed. the L-shaped storage solution – and its multiple compartments and pullout features – slides along a bottom rail.

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6 – scientists develop robotic contact lenses that zoom in by blinking twice

a robotic contact lens that can move to the users command has been made into reality by a team of research scientists at the university of california san diego. the project started through the exploration of how soft robotics can work in collaboration with human beings. the team harnessed the electric signals that naturally occur from the tiny movement made by a human eyeball. this means that by using eyes alone, the contact lens would be able to zoom in if the user blinks twice.

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7 – ford’s foldable robot could soon be delivering your packages

image courtesy of ford

car manufacturer ford has developed a robot capable of carrying packages to the customer’s front door. designed to unfold from the back of a self-driving delivery van, ‘digit’ is a two-legged humanoid that can handle lightweight shipments of up to 40 pounds. it can handle this whilst travelling on pavements, climbing up stairs, and avoiding obstacles along the way. the robot can even walk through uneven terrain and react to being knocked over without losing its balance.

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8 – shih chiek huang turns plastic waste into ocean-like robotic creatures

image courtesy of feldman gallery

taiwanese artist shih chieh huang created robotic sculptures from unlikely objects, such as garbage bags, plastic bottles and computer fans. suspended from the ceiling, his motorized creations inflate and deflate as they light up the room in primary hues both futuristic and prehistoric in their presence. for his exhibition, titled ‘incubate’, at the feldman gallery until april 13, huang has created a kinetic sculptural installation of his other worldly pieces.

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9 – automated cannabis farm employs robotic arms and AI to help marijuana industry grow

image courtesy of seedo

israel-based startup seedo turned heads when it started selling mini fridge-sized cannabis farms for personal use in 2017. with computerized optical systems and climate control, they promised cannabis ‘from seed to flower’ under controlled conditions in the comfort of your own home. now, seedo has announced what it calls the ‘world’s first automated cannabis farm‘. it plans to build a fully automated, commercial-scale cannabis farm using technology that can ensure consistent ‘pharmaceutical-grade’ buds year-round.

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10 – FoldiMate, a fully-functional machine that folds your clothes

image courtesy of FoldiMate

in 2018, FoldiMate teased its home-helping machine — one that can take an entire laundry load and fold it in a few minutes. in 2019, our lazy dreams cam true as FoldiMate was seen in las vegas at CES 2019. designed to fit nicely in any room, FoldiMate features ergonomically designed clipping technology that can fold any type of shirt, blouse, or trouser from age 5 to adult size XXL. its fast folding abilities allows you to feed your items continuously while it simultaneously folds them.

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our submissions portal and the open dialogue with our readers is fundamental to finding and sharing architecture from all across the globe. from idyllic timber boat houses in china to a cafe in india made almost entirely from cardboard, we continue our round the TOP 10 reader submissions of 2019 – public spaces.

1 – pink semi-transparent partitions and floors adorn ‘omakase’ restaurant by shanghai hip pop

envisioned by shanghai hip pop design, the interior of ‘omakase’ restaurant has been built to envelop guests in swathes of pink cherry blossom. situated within a renovated business center in shanghai, the brief required the creation of a space fit for the ‘romantic’ kaiseki cuisine that is served inside. as a traditional and high-quality japanese food, the team chose to complement the dishes by taking inspiration from ‘sakura rain’ – the phenomenon of cherry blossom petals falling gently to the ground in the breeze.

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2 – connected to the ground, the sloping roofs of these cottages in india bridge nature + architecture

‘aaranya’ is an agriculture farmstay located in rural settings at the edge of sasan gir lion sanctuary in india.designed by ahmadabad-based architect himanshu patel of d6thd design studio, the project centers around the principle of vernacular architecture, and is based on established, honest, and time-honored construction techniques. in particular, the roof is made from terracotta, a material associated with the memory of many family generations, and a representative image of almost half million indian villages. the whole design of ‘aaranya’ intends to evoke this one central element of indian architecture — the terracotta tiled roof.

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3 – X+living completes chongqing zhongshuge bookstore in china with escher-like stairs

the chongqing zhongshuge bookstore by shanghai-based firm X+living celebrates the landscape and historical sites of its namesake chinese city, chongqing. the two-floor store invites visitors into a theatrical interior, typical of the studio’s design approach, packed with lampshade-shaped bookshelves, an escher-like reading area, and a colorful children’s room with drawings of the city’s landscape, buildings and transportation. 

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4 – cx landscape introduces ribbons of green life in canberra’s new pedestrian bridge

cx landscape’s entry for the ‘remaking lost connections’ competition in australia encompasses ribbons of life that revive a bridge in canberra, australia. their proposal creates a habitable green axis along the existing road bridge, commonwealth avenue, above lake griffin. during the lake’s construction in 1936, some aboriginal ngunawal cultural sites and rock paintings were inundated. the enlarged body of water separated the natural passage even further away, and although road bridges were constructed, the natural habitat suffered significant impact.

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5 – wutopia lab designs the ‘books above clouds’ store in shanghai’s tallest building

wutopia lab has recently completed the design of duoyun books’ flagship store on the 52nd floor of shanghai‘s tallest building, shanghai tower. titled ‘books above clouds’, the project was commissioned by shanghai century publishing and includes a variety of functions including a bookstore, a lecture room, exhibition space and a cafe. providing more than just books, the new public place intends to become a cultural landmark within the busy city. 

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6 – idyllic timber boat rooms are designed to ‘float’ on the fuchun river in china

the design institute of landscape and architecture china academy of art has formed a series of ‘boat rooms’ for the fuchun new century wonderland resort in hangzhou. situated about 5 km to the east of the ancient town of meicheng, the timber volumes are inspired by the local custom and the ‘water tribes’ that lived on the river for several hundred years between the ming and qing dynasties. appearing to float on the surface of the river, the project provides guests with a unique hotel experience. 

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7 – fahr creates ephemeral urban corner to reactivate old taiwanese train station

to reactivate an abandoned train station in the city of taitung, taiwan, creative studio fahr 021.3 created nook. the ephemeral structure engages the community by providing an enclosed, flexible space available to host myriad cultural activities.

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8 – peter pichler nestles sustainable tree houses into the rugged landscape of west virginia

marking the milan based studio’s first work in the US, peter pichler architecture has developed a concept for sustainable tree houses in west virginia. following a similar project that was designed for a forest in the italian dolomites, this new scheme envisions a series of structures nestled into the wooded landscape. forming part of a luxury resort, the units are planned to meet the living building challenge guidelines for net-zero energy and environmental impact.

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9 – this mumbai cafe by NUDES is made almost entirely from cardboard

situated in mumbai’s central business district, ‘cardboard bombay’ by NUDES literally explores ‘thinking outside the cardboard box.’ the project by the architect uses the 100% recyclable and biodegradable material to form the interior of the cafe. the material has been selected as it is extremely versatile and also has excellent sound absorption properties.

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10 – POW ideas captures retro neon style for the swimming club in kuala lumpur

the swimming club by POW ideas is a pool and event deck situated on the 11th floor rooftop of KL journal hotel, a boutique hotel in the heart of kuala lumpur, malaysia. being in the tropics, the pool deck is envisioned to be an urban retreat for city dwellers and also shoppers from the adjacent shopping district of bukit bintang.

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continuing our round-ups of 2019, we look back at 10 concept car stories that attracted our and, most importantly, designboom readers’ attention over the past 12 months.

1 – bentley EXP 100 GT envisions the future of sustainable luxury mobility

image courtesy of bentley

celebrating the brand’s centenary, the bentley ‘EXP 100 GT’ conceptualizes a future for luxury mobility that is sustainable, autonomous and electric. beautifully sculpted both outside and in, the car not only reimagines grand touring but predicts these changes by the year 2035. it is a future that richly intertwines zero emissions, sustainable materials and highly advanced technologies. this includes the ability to freely choose between driving yourself and being driverless, and the use of AI to the point where every extraordinary journey can be captured and relived.

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2 – BMW vision M NEXT conceptualizes flexibly self-driving sports car

image courtesy of the BMW group

‘boost your moment’, says BMW as they unveil the ‘vision M NEXT’ concept car at their annual next gen event in june 2019, which takes design influences from their ‘turbo’, ‘M1′ and i8’ models. the electric vehicle challenges the preconception that when self-driving cars are the norm, people will not be able to have the pleasure of driving themselves in the future. it does so by using intelligent technologies to offer carefully targeted assistance where occupants will be able to choose when, where and how they can drive themselves.

domagoj dukec, head of BMW design, explores this design further in our latest video with BMW in munich, germany. he delves deeper into how BMW blends the boundaries of futuristic yet traditional styling to act as the key to unite new technologies into our mobility experience.

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3 – sleek, sustainable mercedes-benz vision EQS – a closer look at the concept car in tokyo

image courtesy of daimler AG

following the EQC – the brand’s first production electric car, the mercedes-benz vision EQS highlights their future for green, luxury mobility. sustainability is interwoven within the elegant, two-toned car design, from both the craftsmanship of the sculptural exterior and interior forms through to its innovative services. the vehicle itself encourages users to charge with ‘green’ energy via specific stations, and spreads this environmentally friendly feeling as you travel in a sustainable space of luxury.

taking a detailed look at mercedes’ new study for sustainable luxury, designboom travelled to japan for the tokyo motor show to experience directly the new mercedes-benz vision EQS.

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4 – the asymmetric DS X E-tense ‘supercar of the future’ has been built

image courtesy of DS automobiles

following renders in 2018, DS automobile’s vision for motoring in 2035 has just got more real. the french automakers gave the public a first look at its DS X E-tense concept supercar, an electric drive housed in a futuristic, asymmetric body. the X E-tense is a thousand-kilowatt (1,360 hp) front-wheel-drive with a carbon fiber chassis. its most eye-catching design element, however, is the asymmetric shape that puts its driver out in the wind but keeps the passenger enclosed.

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5 – electric alfa romeo tonale concept sculpted to the beauty of the human body

image courtesy of alfa romeo

as the brand’s first plug-in hybrid, the alfa romeo tonale concept debuted at the 2019 geneva motor show. the compact SUV combines electrification with the italian marque’s unique, distinctive and famed styling. sculpted with the essence of art, bold and elegant exterior volumes are paired with pure lines and even sculptural front and rear lights. the result creates a harmony between their racing heritage and the anticipation for the future.

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6 – hyundai unveils retro-futuristic 45 EV concept with sharp angular lines

image courtesy of hyundai

hyundai pays homage to their pony coupe with its new self-driving concept car, unveiled at IAA 2019 in frankfurt. the ’45 EV’ puts a twist on the 1974 icon which helped establish the brand’s design DNA. the concept not only references the number of years since the pony coupe but also the 45-degree angles at the front and rear of the car’s exterior. it then celebrates the clean lines and minimalistic structure of the original.

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7 – chevrolet unveils retro E-10 electric pickup based on 1962 model

image courtesy of chevrolet

chevrolet has teamed up with general motors to unveil a new electric pickup concept, based on the bolt EV. the E-10 takes off from the 1962 C-10 pickup truck and is powered by an electric connect & cruise concept crate propulsion package, which imagines a retro-vintage future for hot rodding. this is composed of a double stack of chevrolet performance concept electric crate motors (eCrate), two 400-volt batteries and a conventional supermatic 4l75-e automatic transmission. the concept made its debut in last vegas on november 5 2019 at this year’s SEMA show. 

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8 – AUDI unveils futuristic off-road buggy with drones instead of headlights

image courtesy of AUDI AG

AUDI revealed an electric off-roader as the fourth member of its visionary concept car family at IAA 2019, joining the aicon, PB18, and AI:ME. the four-seater AUDI AI:TRAIL quattro combines the capacity for automated driving with superb off-road capabilities. the four-seater offers a combined system output of 429 hp (320 kW) with a maximum torque of 1,000 Nm. its battery provides a range of between 248 and 310 miles (400 to 500 km) on roads or ‘easy off-road terrain’.

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9 – tesla’s bulletproof cybertruck comes with pop-up camper configuration

image courtesy of tesla

tesla revealed its cybertruck, which gained a lot of interest. CEO elon musk tweeted that the design was partly influenced by the lotus esprit sportscar that doubled as a submarine in the james bond film the ‘spy who loved me’. the result is what looks like a low-poly blade runner fantasy, equipped with a bulletproof exoskeleton and armored glass. although seemingly conceptual, the model is said to have already received 200,000 orders for production.

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10 – lightyear one is the world’s first long-range solar electric car

image courtesy of lightyear

aiming to become the most sustainable vehicle on the market one day, the lightyear one is the world’s first long-range solar car. its sleek, elongated shape aims to ‘get the most out of every ray of sunshine’, with the hood and roof comprising five square meters of integrated solar cells covered in safety glass. by charging from the sun, the car offers an exceptional battery range of 725 km (450 miles). over 100,000 orders have already been received ahead of its estimated production in 2021.

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1 – BUGA fibre pavilion made with robotically-produced fiber composites

image © ICD/ITKE university of stuttgart

the university of stuttgart’s institute for computational design and construction (ICD) and institute for building structures and structural design (ITKE) again teamed up to design and fabricate (with the help of robots) a pavilion made from advanced fiber composites. embedded within the landscape of a park in the german city of heilbronn, the structure combines cutting-edge computational technologies with constructional principles found in nature.

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2 – anagram architects constructs ‘people’s pavilion’ for kochi-muziris biennale

image by suryan//dang

the kochi-muziris biennale (KMB) is billed as ‘the largest contemporary art festival in asia’. every two years, a series of abandoned factories and warehouses in the indian state of kerala are repurposed as galleries and cafés that host a variety of activity. additionally, a pavilion is constructed to host performance and cinematic art at fort kochi-mattancherry’s cabral yard — a one acre campus full of large trees. on this occasion, curator anita dube commissioned new delhi-based firm anagram architects to design a temporary structure.

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3 – steam-bent timber pavilion at tallinn architecture biennale 2019

image © tõnu tunnel

in september, the 5th edition of the tallinn architecture biennale (TAB 2019) opened in estonia, with a host of exhibitions and installations presented under the theme ‘beauty matters’. curated by london-based architect yael reisner, the festival celebrates architecture’s aesthetic experience and aims to ‘elevate the status of beauty in response to alienating and ecologically unfit built environments’. outside the biennale’s main venue, the museum of estonian architecture, stands one of the event’s most eye-catching projects — a steam-bent timber pavilion.

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4 – glenn murcutt’s MPavilion 2019 in melbourne

image by john gollings

in november, MPavilion 2019, the sixth installment of an ongoing series of architect-designed summer pavilions, opened in melbourne, australia. previewed on designboom here, the temporary structure has been designed by glenn murcutt — the 2002 recipient of the pritzker architecture prize. inspired by murcutt’s 50-year career, MPavilion 2019 celebrates australian design and identity with a free four-month season of events from november 14, 2019 to march 22, 2020.

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5 – ​francis kéré’s coachella installation comprises 12 colorful towers

image by lance gerber, courtesy of coachella

architect ​francis kéré is one of a number of creatives that brought their talents to the colorado desert for the annual coachella festival. as part of the event, which this year celebrated its 20th anniversary, a series of specially-commissioned, large-scale, sculptural installations was created, as well as a number of immersive, multimedia experiences that embraced the visual arts, fashion, and architectural practice.

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6 –  studio marco vermeulen builds wooden biobasecamp pavilion

image © ronald tilleman

for dutch design week 2019, studio marco vermeulen brought ‘the wooden revolution’ to ketelhuisplein in eindhoven with the ‘biobasecamp’ pavilion. built using timber, the project showcased the structural possibilities of the material in an effort to encourage a new era of environmentally-friendly construction. 

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7 – junya ishigami tops 2019 serpentine pavilion with slate roof canopy

image © iwan baan

the 2019 serpentine pavilion, the temporary structure erected each year in london’s hyde park, opened in june. the pavilion was designed by junya ishigami — known for his experimental structures that interpret traditional architectural conventions and reflect natural phenomena. ‘my design for the pavilion plays with our perspectives of the built environment against the backdrop of a natural landscape, emphasizing a natural and organic feel as though it had grown out of the lawn, resembling a hill made out of rocks,’ explained the japanese architect.

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8 – selgascano’s 2015 serpentine pavilion re-opens in los angeles

image by iwan baan, courtesy of second home

the 2015 serpentine pavilion, originally constructed in london’s kensington gardens, traveled to the united states where it was rebuilt at LA’s la brea tar pits. designed by spanish architecture studio selgascano, the temporary pavilion is an an immersive, chrysalis-like structure covered in a translucent, multi-colored fabric membrane — allowing the public to experience architecture through shape, light, transparency, and materials.

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9 – pavilion by pezo von ellrichshausen echos its milanese surroundings

image © designboom

in april, chilean architecture studio pezo von ellrichshausen created a pavilion within milan’s baroque palazzo litta, described as a ‘direct echo of its historical surroundings’. conceived for the 2019 edition of milan design week, the structure directly related to the dimensions and proportions of its historic setting, which was completed in 1761. the enclosure, which remained open to the sky, repeated the square ratio of the courtyard with four entrance points providing access to a central room.

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10 – NUDES fabricates the ‘bookworm’ pavilion to foster a love of reading

image © sameer chawda

design studio NUDES used architecture to tackle the issue of illiteracy in india. the project — which is aptly titled ‘bookworm’ — takes the form of a deployable pavilion that has been erected on a site in mumbai. designed to create an interactive learning space, the main concept behind the intervention is to encourage children to enjoy reading, in line with the UN’s sustainable development goal for ‘all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, to achieve literacy and numeracy’ by 2030.

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